The character of Danforth in the Crucible Essay Example for Free

The character of Danforth in the Crucible Essay The Crucible was written by Arthur Miller as an allegory. He wrote the Crucible at a time during a modern day witch-hunt. The witch-hunt was the hunt for communists in the USA. Many of Millers friends were being persecuted and being attacked for being communists, which they were not. In 1956 Miller himself was accused of being a Communist and was brought before the House of Un-American Activities Committee. Here he was found guilty in communist beliefs. Later in 1957 this decision was over ruled. Miller then went on to marry Marilyn Monroe but divorced in 1961. The Crucible is told from a third person point of view. The characters dont address the audience directly but do obviously address each other directly. In the Crucible Miller portrays the good, the bad and the evil of Salem, a small village in Massachusetts. He shows that even the most religious people can make huge, costly mistakes. Miller shows this through the actions and words of the characters. The Crucible is set during a series of mad witch-hunts in Salem in the late 17th century. It is about a town, after accusations from a small minority of girls, begins to search madly for witches that do not exist. Many people were hanged on the charges of witchcraft. Miller shows the absurdity of the incident with a theme of truth and righteousness. The theme is conveyed through the struggles of Millers main character, John Proctor. The similarities between the witch-hunt in Salem and the hunt for communists are very alike. Miller makes the hunt for witches in Salem sound mad. He also said this about the hunt for Communists, especially when he was convicted. Miller structures the Crucible is set into four acts and tells almost all the story straight to the viewer or reader. This is minus the John Proctor affair which took place off stage. The story begins in act one, where the situation is told. The audience is told that a group of girls has been practicing witchcraft in the woods with Tituba. The initial incident is the actual accusation of the women of witchcraft by the several girls which were in the forest. This seems to get the story in motion and leads to the towns people getting into a mad frenzy. The main action of the story is the witch-hunt itself. The audience learns in later acts that several women are being tried and hanged for witchcraft.

Student Descriptions of Stress

Student Descriptions of Stress Title: How do second-year psychology students describe their experiences of university stress? Abstract:   Purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were used as well as Interpretative phenomenological analysis being utilised to analyse the transcripts and quality checks were implemented to increase the validity of the analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified with each superordinate theme had two sub-themes each. Such qualitative research is rare in the university related stress literature for psychology students. Suggestions for further research regarding students coping with university stress. Introduction: There are now more students aiming to enter an increasingly competitive job market, which exacerbates the pressure to achieve a respectable degree (Robotham & Julian, 2006). In addition to financial and employment pressures, as well as completing exams and assignments is a period of significant change in a students life, with heightened levels of stress (Fisher & Hood, 1987). In a study conducted by Hirsch and Ellis (1996) the came to the conclusion that university students put extreme pressure on themselves to get a good grade, earn a degree, and get a job as soon as they finish their studies. Although, this is possible to achieve, the negative effects that come with sort of pressure could cause a student to do poorly in one assignment or exam due to the stress they have subjected themselves too and create even more stress for themselves by punishing themselves for not achieving as good of grade as they could have. Moyle and Parkes (1999) believed that given the high levels of stress and change students are faced throughout university and the pressure placed on their coping resources, support from friends and family is invaluable during this period. McEwan (2000) also claimed that brain regions respond to acute and chronic stress and show changes in morphology and chemistry. Using the previous relevant research as a guideline its expected that the participants will describe their experiences of university stress by revealing the sources of their stress and how they deal with their stress. Method: Table 1. Table depicting demographic information of participants used in this experiment Participants: Four second year students studying psychology at University participated in this piece of research. It was key to obtain information from a variety of different perspectives however is some homogeneity in some participants such as; gender, age, and subject of study (see Table 1). Purposive sampling was used in this piece of research because it means that the researcher can select participants based upon a particular purpose to meet their particular needs. Procedure A semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the participants regarding their experiences of university stress. This was decidedly the best method because it meant that the researcher could collect data relating to university stress using prepared questions but could also delve deeper into a participants answer by using probing questions that encourage expansion on a certain point. The interviewer began fully informing the participant that the interview would be audio recorded and used anonymously to analyse later on. This was fully by a full explanation briefed about the purpose of the experiment and that the participant has the right to withdraw at anytime. The participant would be interviewed using the prepared questions along with any probing questions used, as well as debriefed and after the participants were interviews the recording was then transcribed. Analytical approach: A qualitative study was thought to be best because it meant that the researcher could gather more detailed data from the participants. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was the chosen method of analysis in this piece of research because it allowed the interviewer to explore the subjective experiences of the participant, and help to describe and understand the respondents account of the processes by which they make sense of their experiences of university stress (Brocki, Wearden,2006). Critical realism is the ontological stance of IPA; this means that there is a reality however it is subjective because everyone interprets reality in different ways (Furlong, Marsh, 2010). This means that the epistemological stance of IPA is interpretive because it attempts to make sense of the subjective views (Furlong et al, 2010). IPA was used as a method of analysing the data by creating transcripts from each participants audio recording. Each transcript was read several times so that the researcher was familiar the data which was then coded in order to create emergent themes which would eventually become categorized into superordinate themes. The process was the same for each participant resulting in a table previewing the superordinate themes, sub-themes, and quotes from the transcripts to support the creation of the themes. Reflexivity: Qualitative analysis is a subjective process and IPA recognises that a researchers perspective usually affects the analysis (Golsworthy & Coyle, 2001). Having a good understanding of IPA means that the researchers personal perspective relative to the research topic is presented, to assist the readers interpret the analysis and for transparency (Elliott et al. 1999). The researchers interpretative framework has been influenced by: previous research in stress. It is also recognised that the analysis is influenced by the researchers perspective and the framework applied to understand the data. Findings: Table 2. Table of key themes Effects of student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were a range of different effects of stress that can stretch from physical effects to psychological effects, which were found to be a dominant effects of stress (see appendix 2 for themes and quotations). The psychological effects of stress can be seen in Iriss transcript in which she stated that:   I dont know how to put it in words, not just stress, it was the worst feeling ever. When you consider what most people go through in their lives, for her to say it was the worst feeling ever goes to show the toll stress had taken on her causing her to feel the worst she has ever felt. There is also evidence in Jessicas transcript in which she described one of her experiences in dealing with university related stress as feeling so much anxiety that it felt like she was drowning. There is also evidence in Anils transcript which reveals that he suffers from high levels of anxiety but without mention of a drowning sensation. There is further evidence of psychological effects of stress in Smokies transcript which suggest that he regularly suffers from mini breakdowns that help to motivate him to work but the motivation goes after a day or two which creates another mini breakdown due to the buildup of responsibilities. There is also evidence to suggest that the participants suffered from physiological effects as well as psychological effects. The main evidence comes from Anils transcript in which he described one effect of his university related stress that stated: My face gets lots of spots when I am feeling stress. For the effects of stress to manifest in a physical way is worrying but not uncommon, for example in Smokies transcript he revealed that he cries a lot because of university related stress. In Iriss transcript she describes an effect of university related stress by revealing that coping with all the responsibilities and stress of university makes her feel weak, which would be categorized as a physiological effect as well as a possible psychological effect due to the fact that you feel weakness rather than show it. Sources of student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were a variety of different sources of stress for university students which range from university work such as assignments or exams, to life after graduation. Both are considered in these participants transcripts to be dominant sources of stress. University work as a source of stress for its students is evident in all transcripts with perhaps the most evident comes from Anils transcript in which he states that: A time umm when I experienced stress the most during university is when I have a massive report due. This not only reveals one source of stress for this student to be reports set by the university but it also goes to show that this participant feels most stressed at university when set reports. This also relates to Smokies transcript in which he described his stress levels as being high when it came to deadlines which isnt that dissimilar to Anils quotation due to the fact that both feel highly stressed because of work set by the university. Further evidence can be found in Jessicas transcript in which she described her feeling of drowning in anxiety to be a result of a lack of understanding when it came to analysing data. Evidence for his future life as a source of stress for university student is evident in the transcripts but the most evident comes from Smokies transcript which stated that: teachers do things for me and like my parents do things for me, because I dont feel ready to do things for myself. Again, this not only reveals his main fear for his future life to be, but it also shows how he has got as far as he has, which is down to the support he gets from those around him. This can also be support by Jessicas transcript which described her opinion of her future life as one of confusion as to what her she would be doing in her future life and whether she would enjoy it or not. There is also evidence in Iriss transcript which reveals that she is still struggling with dealing with all the university related stress but she is hopeful that her future life will be better. Dealing with student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were several different methods of dealing with stress used by the participants ranging from the support of family and friends, to the amount of support they give themselves. Evidence of support from family and friends as a method of dealing with stress can be found in all the participants transcripts, however, the main evidence for this point comes from Iriss transcript in which she states that: My mum is always being there for me and loves me and I have had some other woman in my life, I talk to her about my problems.   This reveals evidence of support not only from her mother but also from another woman who isnt a family member but would be regarded by her as a friend that supports her. This example is not unlike Jessicas transcript in which she reveals that she uses her flatmates as a method of coping with her stress. Another example of a participant using the support of family and friends as a method of dealing with university related stress comes from Smokies transcript in which he says that he gets a lot of help from his parents and when he usually gets stressed out with university work he talks to his friends. Self-support is what a person does or doesnt do to help themselves throughout their first two years of university. Evidence from Jessicas transcription states that: I procrastinate a lot [†¦] whenever I have something to do for Uni, suddenly I get a major interest to do something else. This clearly shows the lack of self-support she gave herself which meant that instead of doing university work she would ignore her responsibilities and find something else to do. This results in a build up of responsibilities that can create an overwhelming feeling of stress and possibly cause other problems for the student according to the evidence previously discussed regarding the manifestation of psychological problems into physicals ones, for example Anil and his facial spots. More evidence for a lack of self-support can be seen is all the transcripts, for example in Smokies transcript in which he describes himself as a corner-cutter who often does things he doesnt enjoy with half of his effort even though he understands that this is one of the reasons why he gets behind on his university work creating more stress for himself. Further evidence can be found in Anil and Iriss transcripts in which they both reveal that they struggle when it comes to self-support. Anil gets stressed when he attempts to tackle problems by himself, whereas Iris goes through periods of time where she feels like she cannot deal with problems by herself. Discussion: In summation, the analysis of the data has revealed that the participants all describe their experiences of university stress in a similar manner; the effects of stress on students, sources of stress for students, and dealing with student stress. Each superordinate theme had two sub-themes each, which were the result of a variety of emergent themes that were combined and adapted to equate to the final themes in the analysis. The participants descriptions of the effects of university stress related to those described by McEwen (2000) who believed that stress began in the brain and affected all organs and muscles but none more so than the brain. Using his research combined with this experiments data means that its possible localize psychological effects of stress to the burden of chronic stress which can result in behavioral changes (smoking, excessive eating, binge drinking, little or no sleep). Physiological effects of stress can be localised using the same method in which McEwan (2000) claimed that brain regions respond to acute and chronic stress and show changes in morphology and chemistry. This could explain why the participants were affected the ways they were. The difficulties related to university work but more specifically; exams and assignments, can be linked to Yumatov (2001) who reported that exams can influence a strong psychological and emotional reaction in students, with feelings of stress experienced before and during, that can persist until they receive their results afterwards, with many experiencing anxiety and stress over the outcome. Gadzella(1998) argued that its the uncertainty and anxiety that is the main cause of the stress as opposed to the exam itself. The pressure of graduation as well as post graduation life is as serious source of stress as any according to the data from this experiment and is also supported by Hirsch and Ellis (1996). This could explain what the sources of the participants university stress was. The participants experience of dealing with university stress can be related to other similar cases such as Moyle and Parkes (1999) who believe that given the high levels of stress and change students are faced throughout university and the pressure placed on their coping resources, support from friends and family is invaluable during this period. Without friends, students have more limited resources at their disposal to assist them in the university work as well as emotional support. An absence of friends also makes it more likely to consider dropping out (Paul & Brier, 2001). This could explain why the participants used the supportive systems they used. Using a qualitative approach provided depth and detail in that it looked deeper than analysing ranks and counts by recording attitudes, feelings and behaviours. Similar to the reason why a semi-structured interview was chosen because it allows the interviewer to be more spontaneous in their questioning without being too sporadic. That being said, there are usually fewer people are studied in qualitative report because a collection of data is generally more time consuming that quantitative data collection and therefore unless time, staff and budget allows it is generally necessary to include a smaller sample size. It also means that its difficult to generalise because fewer people are studied and its not possible to generalise results to that of the population. A qualitative report is also dependent on skills the of the researcher particularly in the case of conducting interviews, focus groups and observation. As an overall summation of this study it can be concluded that there is need for further research regarding university stress as a result of the data and previous relevant research. References Abouserie, R. (1994). Sources and levels of stress in relation to locus of control and self esteem in university students. Educational psychology, 14(3), 323-330. Brocki, J. M., & Wearden, A. J. (2006). A critical evaluation of the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) in health psychology. Psychology and health, 21(1), 87-108. Dahl, C. M., & Boss, P. (2005). The use of phenomenology for family therapy research. Research methods in family therapy, 2, 63-84. Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2013). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of stress and coping in first year undergraduates. British Educational Research Journal, 39(6), 1002-1024. Elliott, R., Fischer, C. T., & Rennie, D. L. (1999). Evolving guidelines for publication of qualitative research studies in psychology and related fields. British journal of clinical psychology, 38(3), 215-229. Fisher, S., & Hood, B. (1987). The stress of the transition to university: a longitudinal study of psychological disturbance, absent†mindedness and vulnerability to homesickness. British journal of psychology, 78(4), 425-441. Furlong, P., & Marsh, D. (2010). A skin not a sweater: Ontology and epistemology in political science. Theory and methods in political science, 184-211. Gadzella, B. M. (1994). Student-life stress inventory: Identification of and reactions to stressors. Psychological reports, 74(2), 395-402. Gadzella, B. M., Masten, W. G., & Stacks, J. (1998). Students stress and their learning strategies, test anxiety, and attributions. College Student Journal. Golsworthy, R., & Coyle, A. (2001). Practitioners accounts of religious and spiritual dimensions in bereavement therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 14(3), 183-202. McEwen, B. S. (2008). Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: Understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators. European journal of pharmacology, 583(2), 174-185. Paul, E. L., & Brier, S. (2001). Friendsickness in the transition to college: Precollege predictors and college adjustment correlates. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(1), 77-89. Robotham, D., & Julian, C. (2006). Stress and the higher education student: a critical review of the literature. Journal of further and higher education, 30(02), 107-117. Ross, S. E., Niebling, B. C., & Heckert, T. M. (1999). Sources of stress among college students. Social psychology, 61(5), 841-846. Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2007). Pain as an assault on the self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the psychological impact of chronic benign low back pain. Psychology and health, 22(5), 517-534. Weinstein, L., & Laverghetta, A. (2009). College student stress and satisfaction with life. College Student Journal, 43(4), 1161. Yumatov, E. A., Kuzmenko, V. A., Badikov, V. I., Glazachev, O. S., & Ivanova, L. I. (2001). Emotional stress in students during examinations. Human Physiology, 27(2), 221-227. Appendix 1 Table 1. Table depicting demographic information of participants used in this experiment Appendix 2 Table 2.Table of Themes, quotes, and where to find them in their transcriptions

Movie Piracy is Stealing Essay -- essays research papers

With the growing number of internet users participating in movie piracy, this creates a network of users who no longer need to go the movie theatre or video store to watch a movie. Movie piracy has grown enormously in the past few years making it easier than ever to find box office releases with the simple click of a button. This creates a world where it is okay to steal billions of dollars from movie producers, because most of those participating in piracy see nothing wrong with it. Although there are consequences for downloading copyrighted content, it is nearly impossible to prosecute each user who is downloading a particular movie. Instead of relying on punishing those who are downloading the content, it is most important to make this content unavailable getting rid of this problem altogether. In a recent survey conducted on 3600 internet users in nine countries, it was reported by the Motion Picture Association of America that twenty-four percent of internet users have downloaded a movie over the internet, and seventeen percent of those who hadn’t said they expect to start within the next year (Pruitt). Just about any internet user can easily find and download a movie within a few hours by typing its name into a search engine. With this method being more convenient and less costly than going to the movie theatre, it should not be a surprise that so many people are doing it. â€Å"Only two years ago, it took 72 days to get a highly watchable version of "Finding Nemo" online.† (Hernandez) Today, in the world of movie piracy this would rarely happen though. Most box office releases are available online within a few days or even hours of the box office release. â€Å"Last summer's blockbuster "Spider-Man 2," for example, was downloadable in first-rate form within seven hours of its premiere to the public†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hernandez). This shows that movie piracy is becoming more important to internet users, and piracy will continue to grow unless something is done about the problem. With the availability of pirated movies being so great, you cannot place all the blame on those who are downloading the files, or buying the bootlegs. The problem is those who make these files available. The website vcdquality.com lists releases of pirated movies, and the source of the release. The most common source for movie releases is CAM or telesync (VCDQuality). This means th... ...g hands, making it almost impossible to determine the source of piracy. For this reason copy protection must be implemented into DVD screeners. With the growth of technology and the other forms of copy protection currently available it is a surprise to me that this has not already been implemented. Napster currently uses a form of copy protection on their music file that does not allow them to be copied or played without the license. If this was implemented into screeners and DVDs in general this would cut down on piracy drastically. With the problem being so widespread and the solution being so straight forward it is a surprise that barely anything has been done to prevent piracy. Security is used in just about every aspect of life, and the problem of piracy is just as extensive as that of shoplifting, Even to use the same security in a movie theatre as you would in a department store makes perfect sense. With security in movie theatres currently being next to nothing and copy protection on DVDs being unheard of, the amount of piracy that occurs should not surprise us. We are living in the digital age where we should expect these types of activities and take the proper action.

john kerry :: essays research papers

John Forbes Kerry is the candidate I would chose in the up in coming election. Some of the issues that would decide my vote are environment, the economy, homeland security, social issues, and Iraq. I would also vote for John Kerry because he has done good things for Massachusetts and I know he will do good things for this country. My last reason for voting for John Kerry is because he will bring our troops home safely. On November 2, 2004 I would vote for John Kerry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Forbes Kerry was born in Colorado on December 11, 1943 at Fitzsimons Army Hospital. John Kerry graduated from Yale University. He joined the Navy and became an officer during Vietnam. He was awarded both silver and bronze stars and 3 purple hearts for his heroic efforts. John Kerry went to law school at Boston College. He was elected lieutenant governor of Massachusetts in 1982. After he was elected senator of Massachusetts in 1984 followed by three more terms. John Kerry seems to be a perfect candidate for president. John Kerry supports the war in Iraq. John Kerry believes in having our allies join in with us. John Kerry says if elected he will boost international effort to secure peace. He also sates that he wants to improve social, economic, and political conditions in the Middle East. John Kerry believes he can restore International Policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Kerry also believes in social issues. He supports a women’s right to an abortion. John Kerry opposes the death penalty. John Kerry will also appoint judges committed to law in the Supreme Court. Last, John Kerry will full fund the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† law. John Kerry really knows the views of the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Kerry wants to make a better environment. John Kerry opposes oil exploration in the Artic refuge. John Kerry will push new gas requirements, hybrid cars, and the use of hydrogen fuel. John Kerry will set goals, incentives to reproduce dependence on fossil fuels. Finally, John Kerry promotes clean, renewable fuel sources. John Kerry is well concerned about the environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Kerry also believes in a better Homeland. John Kerry is against labeling U.S. citizens as â€Å"enemy combatants.† John Kerry also wants to the speed up immigration process. Last, John Kerry wants to reform domestic intelligence. John Kerry will make this country a better place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Kerry says he will stop raising taxes.

Retail and the Media :: essays research papers

Retail and the Media Today's media focuses more on a corporations mistakes and less on what the companies give back to the community, making it impossible for the public to see the truth. In every large corporation, there is going to be a fair share of so called ‘scandals’. Unfortunately, the media preys on these scandals to bring us, the public, juicy gossip to get through the day. In my opinion, most of the scandals brought to the public’s attention have no bearing on the products and services a company brings to the consumer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low Pay rates One of the many topics retailers are hit for is low pay rates. A survey done in 2003, showed the average pay rate for workers in retail to be $6.49. Unfortunately what the media leaves out is â€Å"the relatively low pay of sales workers is strongly influenced by the large numbers employed in the retail trade industry† (Buckley, 2003, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 9). It does not take a lot to run a register, stock a shelf, zone a side counter or unload a truck. You get paid for the job you do. Although the pay rate for a sales worker is low compared to the wage in other areas of interest, most retailers offer other benefits. These benefits include, but are not limited to, the following: 401k plans with company contributions; health care; stock purchase plans with company contributions; critical need funds for employees who come upon hard times; and some companies even offer college scholarships to employees and their families. Now as you move up in a company, your pay increases with the position. In the same survey done for the average wage of the sales worker, it shows the average rate for a manager is $33.26 (Buckley, 2003, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2). This tends to be something that is overlooked in the media. You can compare it to starting out in an office as a mail clerk. Sure, you work for a big corporation in a big building on Wall Street, but you still are not making the bank. But as you work your way up, your pay rate reflects it. In any job, you have to start out on the bottom and work your way up to career status. Here is an example of a mother who stuck with her low paying job and in the end got the pay off:

Tips and Tricks for Word 2010

Tips & Tricks for Microsoft Word 2010 Word 2007 Upgrade Scenario Before You Begin * Copy Contoso Business Plan (2007). docx from the Original folder to the Demo folder, then open the new file. * Click FileOptionsSave. * Make sure the auto-save/auto-recovery options are checked. You may want to reduce the auto-save time to 5 minutes. * Open Co-authoring & Web App Demo (2007). pptx; minimize it. * Open Excel Chart. xlsx; do not minimize. * Open the MVC Music Store Tutorial. pdf and scroll down to PDF page 5 (Overview); do not minimize.Introduction If you are one of the millions of Office 2007 users who rely on Microsoft ® Word to create documents for business, school, or personal projects, you might have some expectations for what you’ll find in this new version. Whether you want faster, more convenient ways to accomplish everyday tasks or new technologies that help take your results to a new level, Microsoft Word 2010 has the tools you need. * Create better documents that hel p your important content shine. * Work more quickly and easily when working with others on documents. Access and edit your documents when it’s convenient for you—online or on the road—rather than being tied to your computer. New and improved tools for formatting and managing documents make it easier than ever to create incredible content. Working with others on documents no longer means waiting your turn. And, you can access and work on your files where and when your best ideas occur. Welcome to Word 2010—our most powerful, intuitive, and customizable release yet. Getting Started Feature| What You Say| Where You Click|Introduction| The improved, customizable Ribbon, available in all Office 2010 applications, replaces traditional menus and toolbars to give you a more personalized work experience. It’s designed to help you more easily find and use the full range of features that Word provides—so that you can get more done in less time. | The R ibbon| As in Word 2007, the standard tabs that you see on the Ribbon are organized to display commands relevant to a given task, so that you can find what you need more quickly. * Point out the familiar Ribbon interface, including the tabs and Quick Access toolbar| Backstage View| On the left edge of the Ribbon you see the File tab. Click the File tab to access the new Backstage view, a single location for all of your document management tasks. When you first open Backstage view, you’re on the Info tab. From this one location, you can manage document protection options, view and edit file properties, and much more. The New tab displays available document templates.The Print tab provides a new, integrated print experience with a full page Print Preview right alongside all of the print options you need. | * Click the File tab * Point out the Info tab * Click the New tab * Click the Print tab| Create a Custom Ribbon Tab/Group| Use customizations in Options to personalize the rib bon the way that you want it. For example, you can create custom tabs and custom groups to contain your frequently used commands. Please note: You can rename and change the order of the default tabs and groups that are built-into Microsoft Office 2010.However, you cannot rename the default commands, change the icons associated with these default commands, or change the order of these commands. | * Click Options * Click Customize Ribbon * Click New Tab * Click the new New Tab (Custom) in the Main Tabs list * Click Rename * Change the display name to My Tab * Click OK * Click New Group (Custom) * Click Rename * Change the display name to Favorite Commands * Click the icon of the person in a suit/tie * Click OK| Add Commands to a Custom Tab/Group| You can only add commands to a custom group that is under a custom or default tab.You cannot add commands to a default group. Only commands added to custom groups can be renamed. | * In the left column, click New Comment * Click Add * In the left column, click Paste (with dropdown arrow) * Click Add * In the left column, click Table * Click Add| Import/Export a Custom Tab| You can export your ribbon and Quick Access Toolbar customizations into a file that can be imported and used by a coworker or on another computer. * Click the Import/Export dropdown * Point out (don’t click) the options * Click the Import/Export dropdown again * Click OK * Click the new My Tab| Paste with Live Preview| In addition to the new customizable Ribbon, you can use the new Paste with Live Preview feature to preview your Paste Options before you paste. | * Switch to Excel Chart. xlsx * Right-click the Excel chart and select Copy * Switch back to Contoso Business Plan. ocx * Place the cursor below Future Financial Predictions * In My Tab, click the Paste dropdown * Hover over the paste options to show the Paste with Live Preview * Click the Use Destination Theme & Link Data command| Navigation Pane| The improved Navigation Pane in Word 2 010 (formerly called the Document Map) provides a visual representation of the heading structure of your document. Browse headings to quickly find your place within a document and just click to go to that location. You can easily drag and drop to rearrange headings and the content beneath them. * Click the View tab * Check the box next to Navigation Pane * On the headings tab, click the Market Analysis Summary heading * Click the Future Financial Predictions heading * Click and drag the Future Financial Predictions heading down to the bottom of the document * (Click off any selected text to deselect it)| Search Document| The improved Find experience is also seamlessly integrated in the Navigation Pane. Word 2010 automatically searches as you type the term you’re looking for, visually highlighting all matches.The new results view in the Navigation pane shows a quick preview of all search matches—click any preview to jump to that point in the document. The familiar Find and Replace dialog box is still available for more advanced searches and Replace tasks. | * In the Navigation Pane, click the search results (third) tab * In the search field, type Contoso * Show the results in the Navigation Pane and in the document * Click the first Navigation Pane result to be taken directly to the occurrence * Click the X on the Navigation Pane to close it | Bring Your Ideas to LifeFeature| What You Say| Where You Click| Introduction| Today’s documents range from simple letters and lists, to forms, complex reports and papers that used to require a professional print shop. But one thing is common to all of them—your documents represent your ideas. That’s why you want them to be more than just words on paper. Word 2010 gives you the tools to create the professional, polished documents that help you express yourself effectively. SmartArt Picture Layouts| Office 2010 adds dozens of additional SmartArt layouts for a total of more than 130 differe nt diagrams that you can create as easily as typing a bulleted list. In Word 2010, you can use the new SmartArt graphics picture layouts to tell your story with photographs or other images. If you already have pictures in your document, you can quickly convert them to a SmartArt graphic. Insert additional pictures in the SmartArt shapes of your picture layout diagram. Each shape also has a caption where you can add descriptive text. * Click the picture of boxes on a conveyer belt below Keys to Success * Click the Format tab on the Picture Tools contextual ribbon tab * In the Picture Styles group, click Picture Layout * Click the Bending Picture Caption List style (second row, fifth from left) * In the SmartArt text box type: * Products * Service * Value * Click the image placeholder next to Service * Navigate to the Demo folder and select Service. jpg * Click the image placeholder next to Value * Navigate to the Demo folder and select Value. pg * Click the SmartArt frame * Click and drag the right side of the frame until all images are on the same row| Picture Tools| Word 2010 brings many graphic enhancements to your work, so you can easily make the impact you want. Use the new and improved picture-editing tools to trim images and get just the look that you want. Another advanced picture editing option in Word 2010 is the ability to automatically remove unwanted portions of a picture, such as the background, to highlight the subject of the picture or to remove distracting detail. Note: You should practice these steps a few times before delivering the demonstration. * Click the picture of the earth below A Global Market * Click the Format tab on the Picture Tools contextual ribbon tab * Click Crop * Crop down the picture within a small margin of the earth on all sides * Click Crop * Click Remove Background * Resize the inner frame until the earth is entirely inside * Click Keep Changes| Picture Effects| You can now transform your images into compelling, vibrant visuals by fine-tuning the color intensity (saturation) and color tone (temperature) of a picture.You can also adjust brightness, contrast, sharpness, and blurriness, or you can recolor the picture to better match your document content and to make your work pop. With Word 2010, you can now apply sophisticated â€Å"artistic† effects to your picture to make the picture look more like a sketch, drawing, or painting. | * Click Corrections * Click Color * Click Artistic Effects * Click Pastels, Smooth (fourth row, four from left) * In thePicture Styles group, click Picture Effects * Click Shadow * Under Perspective, click the Below shadow * Click the Position button, then click the top-right position| Insert Screenshots| You can quickly and easily add a screenshot to your Office file to enhance the readability or capture information without leaving the program that you are working in. When you click the Screenshot button, you can insert the whole program window or use the Screen Clipping tool to select part of a window.Only windows that have not been minimized to the taskbar can be captured. | * Scroll down to page 4 * Place the cursor above the Order Number heading * Switch to Adobe PDF * Switch back to Word * Click the Insert tab * Click Screenshot * Click the thumbnail for the Adobe PDF * Click Undo * Click the Insert tab * Click Screenshot * Click Screen Clipping * Click and drag to select the image on the PDF page| Text Effects| You can apply the same types of formatting that you use for graphics and images directly to document text.Unlike WordArt from earlier versions of Word, you apply text effects to actual document text, so you can still edit and spell check that text and even add text effects to paragraph, character, list, or table styles. Available text effects include gradient fills, custom shadows, reflection, glow, soft edges, bevels and more, as well as a range of preset gallery options that enable you to quickly apply a coordinated set of e ffects. * Scroll up to page 3 * Click the text box frame (make sure the text box is selected, but the cursor is not blinking in the text box) * Click the Format tab in the Drawing Tools contextual ribbon tab * Click the Text Effects dropdown * Point out the available text effects * Click Reflection * Click Tight Reflection, 8pt offset (third row, first option)| OpenType| Word 2010 also provides support for advanced text-formatting features that include a range of ligature settings and your choice of stylistic sets and number forms.You can use these new features with many OpenType fonts to achieve that extra level of typographical polish. | Note: Many of these changes are subtle. * Click the Home tab * In the text box frame, select the word â€Å"letting† * In the Font group, click the Dialog Box Launcher * Click the Advanced tab * Click the Ligatures dropdown * Click Standard * Click the Stylistic Sets dropdown * Click 4 * Click the Stylistic Sets dropdown * Click 6 * Click C ancel| Recover Unsaved Work| It is now easier to recover a Word ocument if you close your file without saving, or if you want to review or return to an earlier version of the file you're already working in. You can keep the last autosaved version of a file in case you accidentally close that file without saving, so that you can easily restore it the next time that you open the file. Also, while you are working in your file, you can access a list of the autosaved files from the Microsoft Office Backstage view. | * Close Word * Click Don’t Save * Open Contoso Business Plan (2007). ocx again from the Demo folder * Click the File tab * Click the most recent unsaved version in the Versions section * Click Restore * Click OK| Work Together More Effectively Feature| What You Say| Where You Click| Introduction| You may need to share documents with colleagues, classmates or friends, or perhaps you need to work with others on a team project. Regardless, the complications and delays tha t can arise when sharing or working together on content can be frustrating to say the least. That is, until now.Word 2010 makes waiting your turn a thing of the past and gives you new and improved tools that make sharing your work simple and hassle-free. | Because of the Internet and multi-user requirements of the following capabilities, the rest of the demo will be run from PowerPoint. * Switch to Co-authoring ; Web App Demo (2003). pptx * Launch the slideshow * Right-click the slide * Click Pointer OptionsArrow OptionsVisible| Save to SharePoint/Web| From the Save ; Send tab in Backstage view, you can also save your document to an online location such as Windows Live SkyDrive or a SharePoint site.If the online folder is shared with others, you can use Word 2010 to co-author the document at a time that’s convenient for you. Please note: This is a Save As feature. Once saved to an online location, you should open and work with that version of the file. If you are using ShareP oint, you can synchronize your document library back to your local PC for offline access/editing. | * Click the File tab * Click Save ; Send * Click Save to Web * Click Save to SharePoint * Click anywhere to advance to black slide| Protected View| Opening the online file will likely reveal Office 2010’s Protected View.By default, documents that originate from an Internet source—or that may otherwise be likely to include potentially harmful content—are automatically opened in this limited functionality mode. If the document source is trusted, click the option to Enable Editing. | * Click anywhere to advance to next slide * Click Enable Editing * Click the File tab * Click Options * Click Trust Center * Click Trust Center Settings * Click Cancel * Click Cancel again| Co-authoring Notification| When working in a shared document, you will be notified when someone else opens the file to begin editing.View the names of all current editors at-a-glance from a pop-up lis t on the Status bar at the bottom of the screen. | * Wait two seconds for co-authoring pop-up notification * Click the X on the co-authoring pop-up notification| Streamlined Communications| When combined with Office Communicator or your favorite instant messaging application, you can view information about that person and initiate contact instantly via their contact card. * Click the co-authoring icon showing two people editing * Click Sanjay Patel * Click the more communications options dropdown on the communications pop-up window * Click off the communications pop-up window to hide it| Co-authoring| Co-authoring capabilities in Word 2010 enable you to simultaneously edit the same document with colleagues or friends. Automatically see who else is editing and where they are working in the document. Just save the document to see changes from other editors as you work. Your changes also become available to other editors each time you save. * Wait two seconds for Sanjay’s co-aut horing placeholder to appear in the document * Click Summary in the first heading * Click Summary again * Click the Save button to show the tooltip * Click the Save button again * Click OK * Point to Sanjay’s changes * Click anywhere to advance to the black slide| Anywhere Access to Your Work Feature| What You Say| Where You Click| Introduction| If your ideas, deadlines, and work emergencies don’t always occur conveniently when you are at your desk, you are certainly not alone. Fortunately, Word 2010 gives you the power to get things done when and where you want.In addition to viewing and updating documents in Word Mobile on Windows Phone 7, you can use Word Web App to view and edit your documents from any Web-connected PC. | Word Web App| Word Web App extends your Word experience to the web browser, where you can work with documents directly on the website where the document is stored. Word Web App is available for personal use in Windows Live SkyDrive, in organizatio ns that have installed and configured Office Web Apps on their SharePoint site, and for professionals and businesses that subscribe to select Office 365 services. * Click anywhere to advance to the next slide| Word Web App (Read)| When you open your document in SkyDrive or SharePoint, Word Web App opens the document in the browser. The layout and formatting are what you would see if you were to open the document in Print Layout view in Word. The Read view features a File tab and Find command to search for words or phrases. | * Click the File tab * Click the File tab again * Click Find * Click the search field * Click the magnifying glass icon * Point out the search results| Word Web App (Edit)| If you want to make changes to the document, click Edit in Browser.In Editing view, you can add and delete content, and format text. Layout is simplified in Editing view, and items that the view cannot display are shown as placeholders. The placeholders prevent you from unintentionally deleti ng content that can be displayed but not edited in Word Web App. | * Click Edit in Browser * Click the Insert tab * Click the View tab * Click the Home tab * Click above Keys to Success * Click above Keys to Success again| Word Web App (Co-authoring)| When you are editing a document in Word Web App you might see notification that others are working in the document too.Like Word 2010, Word Web App allows co-authoring: more than one person can work in a document at the same time. | * Wait two seconds for co-authoring notification to appear| Word Web App (Open in Word)| Editing in Word Web App is best suited for quick changes, such as making a correction, inserting a picture, or adding more text. If you want the full set of Word capabilities, click the File tab, and then click Open in Word. | * Click Open in Word * Click OK| SummaryWhether you want faster, more convenient ways to accomplish everyday tasks or new technologies that help take your results to a new level, Microsoft Word 20 10 has the tools you need. * Create better documents that help your important content shine. * Work more quickly and easily when working with others on documents. * Access and edit your documents when it’s convenient for you—online or on the road—rather than being tied to your

How is Chinas economy growing so crazy, and how it affects the world as well as China Essay

Abstract: In this case study, I will be doing research on how is China’s economy growing so crazy, and how it affects the world as well as China. You will also see cause their economy is growing so fast and what are the challenges they are facing right now and the future. Introduction: The Republic of China’ has overtaken Japan as world’s second largest economy, after United States, Japan had held the 2nd position since 1968. In 2016 or earlier, International Monetary Fund (IMF) claims China’s economy surpassing US, the era of America economy leadership will be over. It’s average grow rate is about 10% for pass 30 years, making them as the world’s fastest growing economy. China has also climbed to the world’s largest exporter and second largest importer in the world. China has considerable economic weaknesses like low income levels, resource depletion and high unemployment, whereas the U.S. has comparable strengths and is poised to remain a global leader: Why is their economy growing so fast? The reason why their economy is growing dramatically, we will have to start from 1978, when the government executed a bunch of strategies for economy reform. These programs are including, encouraged rural enterprises, private businesses, liberalized foreign trade, investment, less control over prices, invested in industrial production, educate their workforce. Their economy had an annual growth of 6% initially, and peak of 17 percent, plus every capital income was quadruple in last 15 years. In 1997, some experts had already predicted that the China economy would sure be bigger than the US in less than 20 years. Here is IMF research team conclusion: New factories, manufacturing machines, communication systems and the amount of Chinese workers, increase in productivity were the factors that putting them as one of the strongest economy country. image02.jpg Automobile Industry China was rank third in the automobile industry by 2006 after Japan and US. During the reform, their automotive productions were less than 14000 yearly. Guess what? By 2002 their production jumped all the way up to 3.25 million! And 2009, it reached to 14 million. In 2009, China passed the States to become number 1 car maker worldwide. Domestic sales stayed with production, in 2006 8 million of cars were sold, which includes 5 million passenger cars and 2 million of commercial cars which shows how low price they sold their cars. The vehicles industry has been so successful in China so they begin to target exporting body parts worldwide in 1999.China has made a big step planning to get involved into image03.pngautomobile export business in 2005. In 2004, 15 major oversees automotive manufacturer plants in China. By 2003 China exports cost of 5 billion with unit of 80000 vehicles and parts, 174000 units in 2005 and 350000 units in 2006. Their goal is to reach at least of 80 billion US dollars by 2010. image04.png Natural Resources Coal: Coal is one of the most important natural resources for China, the most conserves mineral resources are considered to be coal and iron ore. Although they can be found in nearly most of the provinces, almost all of them are located in the northern part of China. A lot of good quality coals like bituminous coal are mostly reserved in China, Anthracite coals also present in some areas but its quite rare overall, that’s mostly found in Rocky Mountain. Coal helps the bulk of China’s energy consumption (75% in 2006), which led them again the world’s largest producer/consumer of coal. China usage of coal will be increasing dramatically as their economy continues to rise in absolute terms. If China keep increasingly rely on coal as a power consumption, it is going to put them becoming largest acid- rain causing sulfur dioxide and greenhouse gases. Oil and gas: China oil resources are also majorly located in north area provinces; types of oil include Oil shale and light oil. They uses up most of their oil output but doesn’t export any crude oil products, they are starting to develop oil deposits in China Seas and other oceans. Amount of natural gas reserves is unknown because they have only done a little exploration job on natural gases, Szechuan province accounts the most known natural gas reserves and production. Hydroelectric resources China has a great hydroelectric production due to their great river network and the mountainous terrain. A lot of the hydroelectric stations are located in the southwest of the country where low amount of coals are found but demand for energy is high. The potential of energy in north is small but the first hydroelectricity power station was built there by the Japanese during the occupation. In the winter, they have lower amount of rainfall, therefore, the stations are usually run less than the normal capacity, on other hand, flood always occur in the summer. What are the challenges that China is facing? High Inflation: Inflation is definitely one of the most challenges globally, but it is definitely the worse disaster for China that other countries. For clothes, the costs jumped 1.5% in April, it is the biggest up since 1997. For non-food, it didn’t have that much of different but it was still about 3%. For food, the price has inflated 11% on April